Psalms of worship
The psalm of the day was always sung in three sections. At the close of each the priests drew three blasts from their silver trumpets and the people bowed down and worshipped. This closed the morning service." Psalms were sung in a particular pattern in the daily temple service: 2. Sunday: Monday: Tuesday: Wednesday:
Call to worship idea: Read the whole psalm together and invite the congregation to read a few lines of the psalm aloud. 9. Isaiah 55:1–3, 6–7 (NIV) Come, all you who are thirsty, come to the waters; and you who have no money, come, buy and eat! Come, buy wine and milk
Experience divine connection through uplifting Psalms of Worship to God. Explore a collection of soul-stirring verses, perfect for spiritual growth and reflection. Discover the power of praise and adoration in these beautiful Psalms, fostering a deeper connection with your faith. A psalm. For giving grateful praise. Shout for joy to the LORD, all the earth. Worship the LORD with gladness; come before him with joyful songs. Know that the LORD is God. It is he who made us, and we are his; we are his people, the sheep of his pasture. Enter his gates with thanksgiving and his courts with praise; give thanks to him and praise his name. For the LORD is good and his love ... Psalm 33 is the first psalm to mention instruments, and connects the worship attitudes of joy, thanksgiving, and praise with the use of instruments: Sing for joy in the Lord, O you righteous ones; Praise is becoming to the upright. Give thanks to the Lord with the lyre; Sing praises to Him with a harp of ten strings. Sing to Him a new song;Psalm 33 is the first psalm to mention instruments, and connects the worship attitudes of joy, thanksgiving, and praise with the use of instruments: Sing for joy in the Lord, O you righteous ones; Praise is becoming to the upright. Give thanks to the Lord with the lyre; Sing praises to Him with a harp of ten strings. Sing to Him a new song;Gregorian chant, with its hauntingly beautiful melodies, has captivated listeners for centuries. One of the most significant applications of this ancient musical tradition is found...The book of Psalms (also known as the Psalter) is a collection of 150 poems, prayers, hymns and meditations. It consists of five collections of Psalms (1–41; 42–72; 73–89; 90–106; 107–150) which have evidently been gathered together at different times because there are a few duplicates. All the psalms are addressed to God, whether they …Home | The Church of EnglandThe Significance of the Psalms in Ancient Israel. In ancient Israel, the Psalms held immense significance in religious worship.They served as hymns that were sung during worship services and were composed as prayers and songs. The Psalms not only provided a means for believers to express their joys, sorrows, praises, and laments, but …
Praise awaits you (Psalm 65) Sam Hargreaves. God the maker of the heavens. Sam Hargreaves. We see the fruitful harvest. Sam Hargreaves. There's a love that seeks us. Judy Gresham, Carey Luce, Geraldine Latty, Jo Doré. Resound Worship is a British songwriting collective, producing high-quality new worship songs with free lead sheets … Psalm 98 - Sing to the Lord a New Song. Psalm 98 is typical of many of the praise psalms. The unidentified writer has no complaint to bring before the Lord. Rather he pens a love-song to God meant to be sung and accompanied by instruments, termed "a psalm" (mizmôr), from zāmar, "to sing, play an instrument." The Liturgical Psalter was first published in 1977 as The Psalms: A New Translation for Worship by William Collins, in cooperation with the Church Information Office. It was put out in two editions, one a plain text (as here), one pointed for singing to Anglican chant. The text was excerpted in Church of England draft services before its ...Psalm 91:1-2, 15-16. Whoever dwells in the shelter of the Most High. will rest in the shadow of the Almighty. I will say of the Lord, “He is my refuge and my fortress, my God, in whom I trust.”. He will call on Me, [says the Lord], and I will answer him; I will be with him in trouble, I will deliver him and honor him.Jan 1, 2010 · Book of Psalms for Worship. Hardcover – January 1, 2010. A Psalter for the 21st Century! The newest American psalter offers many familiar tunes and new arrangements with language that is easily understood by the 21st century Christian, while remaining faithful to the Hebrew text. Contains all 150 Psalms in over 440 selections in multiple ... Nov 19, 2020 ... The Psalms form a significant portion of Scripture and therefore as with the rest of God's word are inspired by him and useful for teaching, ...Psalm 46. 1 God is our refuge and strength, ♦. a very present help in trouble; 2 Therefore we will not fear, though the earth be moved, ♦. and though the mountains tremble in the heart of the sea; 3 Though the waters rage and swell, ♦. and though the mountains quake at the towering seas. 4 There is a river whose streams make glad the city ...Psalm 23 of the King James Bible is about faith and the trust in God to guide and protect the individual. It features the iconic phrase, “the Lord is my shepherd,” which metaphoric...
Aug 1, 2022 · Asaph is the author of twelve of these psalms. He first appears in Psalm 50 as the author and then in Psalm 73-83. Psalm 50 is in book II, and 73-83 open up book III. This third book is the darkest of the five books, and Asaph authored a majority of them. So, when you think of Asaph as a worship leader, don’t think of a contemporary worship ... The musicians set aside for worship in the Temple are listed in 1 Chronicles 25. The Psalms were used in the first Temple until its destruction. The use of Psalms resumed during the time of Nehemiah after the rebuilding of the Temple ( Nehemiah 12:27 ), which may be when they were organised as they are today.beautiful and relaxing featuring pianos, and other instrumental.Through These Truth-Filled Sound Of Gospel You Are Enriched With The Word & Beauty Of God, Gi...The Psalter. Psalm 23. 1 The Lord is my shepherd; ♦. therefore can I lack nothing. 2 He makes me lie down in green pastures ♦. and leads me beside still waters. 3 He shall refresh my soul ♦. and guide me in the paths of righteousness for his name’s sake. 4 Though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,
Www katu com.
The Psalms did not only accompany the people’s worship, but they also instructed them on how they should worship God in the sanctuary. Jesus prayed with the words of Psalms 22 (Matthew 27:46). The Psalms found a significant place in the life of the early church, as well (Colossians 3:16, Ephesians 5:19).This book is one of the most comprehensive resources on the Psalms for use in Christian worship. Psalms for All Seasons covers the history, reception, and practice of psalm use and contains all 150 psalms, most in multiple formats. Stay up to date with our newest conversations, publications, and videos.Discusses forgiveness and restoration in the Psalms, with a special focus on Psalm 32 and Psalm 51. Many hymns and choruses come from ... Vertical Worship Songs). Psalm 51:10 "Search Me, O God" (Cleanse Me), words by J. Edwin Orr (1936). Music: Maori tune. Psalm 52.1-2. "Whiter than Snow," words: James Nicholson (1872), music: William G ...Aug 18, 2020 · 6. God Hears and Answers You. I called to the Lord, who is worthy of praise, and I have been saved from my enemies. The cords of death entangled me; the torrents of destruction overwhelmed me. King James Version. 138 I will praise thee with my whole heart: before the gods will I sing praise unto thee. 2 I will worship toward thy holy temple, and praise thy name for thy lovingkindness and for thy truth: for thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name. 3 In the day when I cried thou answeredst me, and strengthenedst me with ... Here are a few Psalms that are suitable for morning worship: Psalm 5: This Psalm is a prayer for God’s protection and guidance in the morning. It expresses trust in God’s righteousness and love and asks Him to lead the way. Psalm 19: This Psalm praises God for His glory as displayed in nature and His Word.
Psalm 16:7-8. 7 I will praise the Lord, Who counsels me; even at night my heart instructs me. 8 I keep my eyes always on the Lord. With Him at my right hand, I will not be shaken. Psalm 30:2. 2 Lord my God, I called to You for help, and You healed me. Psalm 3:3-6. 3 But You, Lord, are a shield around me, my glory, the One who lifts my head high.Psalms 99:5 Exalt the LORD our God; worship at his footstool! Holy is he! John 4:21-24 Jesus said to her, “Woman, believe me, the hour is coming when neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem will you worship the Father. You worship what you do not know; we worship what we know, for salvation is from the Jews. But the hour is coming, and is …Psalm 33 is the first psalm to mention instruments, and connects the worship attitudes of joy, thanksgiving, and praise with the use of instruments: Sing for joy in the Lord, O you righteous ones; Praise is becoming to the upright. Give thanks to the Lord with the lyre; Sing praises to Him with a harp of ten strings. Sing to Him a new song;Praise awaits you (Psalm 65) Sam Hargreaves. God the maker of the heavens. Sam Hargreaves. We see the fruitful harvest. Sam Hargreaves. There's a love that seeks us. Judy Gresham, Carey Luce, Geraldine Latty, Jo Doré. Resound Worship is a British songwriting collective, producing high-quality new worship songs with free lead sheets …Worship is the chief priority of the people of God, and a motivating factor in our Lord’s salvation of a people for Himself. Exodus 3:12 explains that God redeemed His people Israel from Egypt so that they would serve Him on Mount Horeb, also known as Mount Sinai. This service was to involve feasting and sacrifice, which are elements of ...Psalm 50 NCV - God Wants True Worship - A psalm of - Bible Gateway. New Century Version (NCV) Bible Book List. Font Size. Psalm 50. New Century Version. God Wants …Psalm 95-100. New King James Version. A Call to Worship and Obedience. 95 Oh come, let us sing to the Lord! Let us shout joyfully to the Rock of our salvation. 2 Let us come before His presence with thanksgiving; Let us shout joyfully to Him with psalms. 3 For the Lord is the great God, And the great King above all gods.That is what worship is -- a heart's honesty. As Jesus said to the woman at the well in Samaria, "The true worshipers will worship the Father in Spirit and truth." (John 4:23) God is looking for that kind of worshiper. And as you worship in Spirit and truth, you will discover a new source of strength.Psalms 99:5 Exalt the LORD our God; worship at his footstool! Holy is he! John 4:21-24 Jesus said to her, “Woman, believe me, the hour is coming when neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem will you worship the Father. You worship what you do not know; we worship what we know, for salvation is from the Jews. But the hour is coming, and is …
In recent years, there has been a growing trend in the real estate market – small churches for sale. These historic places of worship, once bustling with congregations and filled w...
This service will focus on the lament that David offers in Psalm 13. In his own complaints against God, he gives us the freedom to express ours, and he also points us in the direction of healing. Note -- This subject can be addressed at any time because on any given Sunday a number of worshipers have brought significant pain with them.The book of Psalms is the prayer book of the church, the template for how we express ourselves to God in worship. Yet the modern evangelical church has used psalms in worship haphazardly. Unlike the Roman Catholic tradition, which mandates the use of certain psalms on certain days; or the historic Reformed church, which allowed no other …Call to Worship Psalms. Psalm 95:1-2 (NIV): "Come, let us sing for joy to the LORD; let us shout aloud to the Rock of our salvation. Let us come before him with thanksgiving and extol him with music and song." Psalm 100:1-2 (NIV): "Shout for joy to the LORD, all the earth. Worship the LORD with gladness; come before him with joyful songs."Psalm 29. New King James Version. Praise to God in His Holiness and Majesty. A Psalm of David. 29 Give[ a]unto the Lord, O you mighty ones, Give unto the Lord glory and strength. 2 [ b]Give unto the Lord the glory [ c]due to His name; Worship the Lord in the [ d]beauty of holiness. 3 The voice of the Lord is over the waters;29 Give[ a]unto the Lord, O you mighty ones, Give unto the Lord glory and strength. 2 [ b]Give unto the Lord the glory [ c]due to His name; Worship the Lord in the [ d]beauty of …In today’s digital age, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives. From smartphones to tablets, we rely on these devices for various tasks and activities. One area ...Let everything that has breath praise the Lord. Praise the Lord. Psalm 150:6 praise. About midnight Paul and Silas were praying and singing hymns to God, and the other prisoners were listening to them. Acts 16:25 prayer listening praise. God is spirit, and his worshipers must worship in the Spirit and in truth.Worship involves acknowledging God “to be, as He is, the only source of all virtue, justice, holiness, wisdom, truth, power ... indicates that these elements of worship occurred through the promised land. For instance, the Psalms of Ascents were sung as the people traveled up to Jerusalem to offer sacrifices. During the period ...February 15, 2020. How to Pray the Psalms. Article by. Christopher Ash. Guest Contributor. If you want your prayer life to be shaped by the word of God — as I hope you do! — you cannot do better than to make the Psalms a central part of your prayers. For in the Psalms we have words that God has given us to speak to God.
Plane tickets to sao paulo.
No internet.
Old Testament. Psalms: The Worship of an Honest Heart. A thousand may fall at your side, ten thousand at your right hand, but it will not come near you. You will only observe with your eyes and see the punishment of the wicked. If you make the Most High your dwelling -- even the LORD, who is my refuge -- then no harm will befall you, no ... The Biblical Psalms in Christian Worship opens with a summary of key biblical-theological themes related to the practice of worship. It continues with reflections on every step in the process of preparing to use the psalms in worship, drawing on insights from writings on the history, theology, and pastoral practice of worship, liturgy, and ... Psalm 103 ’s primary focus is on God, not man. But there is the minor theme that we are desperately needy: sinful, sick, and short-lived. If we don’t acknowledge our true condition, we won’t cry out to God for mercy; thus we won’t receive His many blessings. A. We are sinful (103:3, 4, 8-10, 12).Psalm 93 is the 93rd psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "The LORD reigneth, ... Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant worship. It has often been set to music. The Latin version was set by Hildegard of Bingen, Josquin des Prez, Jean-Joseph de Mondonville and Jules Van Nuffel, among others. King James Version. 138 I will praise thee with my whole heart: before the gods will I sing praise unto thee. 2 I will worship toward thy holy temple, and praise thy name for thy lovingkindness and for thy truth: for thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name. 3 In the day when I cried thou answeredst me, and strengthenedst me with ... Bonus: One of the oldest Psalms – A Psalm of Moses Psalm 90:1-4. Psalm 90 may well be one of the oldest of all the psalms. It’s attributed to Moses and may have been written just before the Exodus in 1450 BC. It looks back to the beginning of time and concludes that the people of God are suffering because of God’s wrath.Psa 5:7 But as for me, I will come into thy house in the multitude of thy mercy: and in thy fear will I worship toward thy holy temple. Psa 11:4 The LORD is in his holy temple, the LORD’S throne is in heaven: his eyes behold, his eyelids try, the children of men. Psa 18:6 In my distress I called upon the LORD, and cried unto my God: he heard ... ….
Discusses forgiveness and restoration in the Psalms, with a special focus on Psalm 32 and Psalm 51. Many hymns and choruses come from ... Vertical Worship Songs). Psalm 51:10 "Search Me, O God" (Cleanse Me), words by J. Edwin Orr (1936). Music: Maori tune. Psalm 52.1-2. "Whiter than Snow," words: James Nicholson (1872), music: William G ...Experience divine connection through uplifting Psalms of Worship to God. Explore a collection of soul-stirring verses, perfect for spiritual growth and reflection. Discover the power of praise and adoration in these beautiful Psalms, fostering a deeper connection with your faith.Mar 20, 2007 ... Since the Psalms were the only Spirit-inspired songs given to the people of God, and because instrument use in the Old Testament is tied to ...Worship involves acknowledging God “to be, as He is, the only source of all virtue, justice, holiness, wisdom, truth, power ... indicates that these elements of worship occurred through the promised land. For instance, the Psalms of Ascents were sung as the people traveled up to Jerusalem to offer sacrifices. During the period ...Refrain: The Lord knows the way of the righteous. 1 Blessed are they who have not walked. in the counsel of the wicked, ♦. nor lingered in the way of sinners, nor sat in the assembly of the scornful. 2 Their delight is in the law of the Lord ♦. and they meditate on his law day and night. 3 Like a tree planted by streams of water.3. Use the Psalms to cultivate a culture of worship at your church. The book of Psalms is a hymnal filled with songs for God’s people. Many of the psalms are intended for corporate worship, with some being directed to the Choirmaster and prescribing specific instruments for accompaniment (for example, Psalms 51-62).The Lord is my Shepherd, I will not be in need. He lets me lie down in green pastures; He leads me beside quiet waters. He restores my soul; He guides me in the paths of righteousness. For the sake of His name. Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil, for You are with me;Psalm 100 is often referred to as the “Psalm of Thanksgiving” and provides a beautiful and concise guide on how to cultivate gratitude in our worship and daily lives. The psalm begins with an invitation to “make a joyful noise to the Lord, all the earth!” (Psalm 100:1). Praise means making noise. Psalms of worship, The book of Psalms plays an important role in worship, acting as both a Scripture reading and an act of musical praise. After all, many of the psalms were written as songs. In fact, the word psalm comes from the Greek psalmos, meaning "song sung to harp music." There are many resources available to us today that facilitate singing psalms in ..., Psalm 98 - Sing to the Lord a New Song. Psalm 98 is typical of many of the praise psalms. The unidentified writer has no complaint to bring before the Lord. Rather he pens a love-song to God meant to be sung and accompanied by instruments, termed "a psalm" (mizmôr), from zāmar, "to sing, play an instrument.", Official Video | Sovereign Grace Music Written by Dave Fournier and David ZimmerFrom the album Unchanging God: Songs from the Book of Psalms, Volume 1Listen ..., Mar 12, 2021 · Personal (private) psalms of lamentation -- 9. Public thanksgiving psalms -- 10. Personal (private) thanksgiving psalms -- 11. Psalms of blessing and curse -- 12. The prophetic word in the Psalms and the prophetic psalms -- 13. Mixed style and liturgical compositions -- 14. Psalm singing and psalm singers -- 15. The psalmists -- 16. , Are you looking to connect with your faith community and experience the power of worship in real-time? Look no further. With advancements in technology, live church services are no..., Psalm 47:6. Sing praises to God, sing praises! Sing praises to our King, sing praises! Psalm 47:7. For God is the King of all the earth; sing praises with a psalm! Psalm 48:1. Great is the Lord and greatly to be praised in the city of our God! His holy mountain, Psalm 52:9. I will thank you forever, because you have done it. , Let everything that has breath praise the Lord. Praise the Lord. Psalm 150:6 praise. About midnight Paul and Silas were praying and singing hymns to God, and the other prisoners were listening to them. Acts 16:25 prayer listening praise. God is spirit, and his worshipers must worship in the Spirit and in truth., Windows search indexing on Vista was slow and painful, but that all turned around in Windows 7. If you want to fully utilize and navigate Windows 7's improved search, tech producti..., The Psalmist of Psalm 84 repeatedly states several words and phrases that hint how he worships and provides an overall framework for our entry into the worship of the one True God. • Three sentences, one in each of the three sections, contain the word “blessed.”. True worship launches from an intimate relationship with the Lord wherein ..., The sorrows of those will increase who run after other gods.” (v. 2, 4) 4. Praise, worship, and adoration – Psalm 18. David’s devotion overflows from his heart and is evidenced in his prayers and praise throughout his life. When your devotion is pure and authentic, you can’t help it from spilling out from in you., Aug 25, 2023 ... One of the richest sources of worship in both the Hebrew and Christian traditions is the book of Psalms. A striking aspect of the Psalms is ..., Psalm 79:9 Help us, O God of our salvation, for the glory of your name; deliver us, and atone for our sins, for your name’s sake! Psalm 95:6 Oh come, let us worship and bow down; let us kneel before the Lord, our Maker! Psalm 103:1 Bless the Lord, O my soul, and all that is within me, bless his holy name! Psalm 105:1, Apr 26, 2023 ... There is nothing quite like a good descant. When Christians sing in unison, it provides a wonderful picture of the unity that believers ..., The Lord is my Shepherd, I will not be in need. He lets me lie down in green pastures; He leads me beside quiet waters. He restores my soul; He guides me in the paths of righteousness. For the sake of His name. Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil, for You are with me;, Psalm 103 ’s primary focus is on God, not man. But there is the minor theme that we are desperately needy: sinful, sick, and short-lived. If we don’t acknowledge our true condition, we won’t cry out to God for mercy; thus we won’t receive His many blessings. A. We are sinful (103:3, 4, 8-10, 12)., Psalms, book of the Old Testament composed of sacred songs, or of sacred poems meant to be sung. In the Hebrew Bible, Psalms begins the third and last section of the biblical canon, known as the Writings. The psalms have also had a profound effect on the development of Christian worship., The spicy Sriracha packs a ton of flavor into this Asian chicken dish. And while the chicken is best with a long stint in the marinade—up to 24 hours—if you’re short on time, 10 to..., THE BOOK OF PSALMS The Hebrew Psalter numbers 150 songs. The corresponding number in the Septuagint differs because of a different division of certain Psalms. Hence the numbering in the Greek Psalter (which was followed by the Latin Vulgate) is usually one digit behind the Hebrew. In the New American Bible the numbering of the verses follows the …, Psalm 103: Heartfelt Worship. Related Media. A Christian man heard a message on the end times and decided to make all he could before the economy collapsed. He took his …, Using Psalms in Worship. Psalms in worship can be an awkward thing, particularly when the format changes from week to week (some readers will have the congregation read the whole psalm; some alternate verses; some weeks the choir sings the psalm, with or without congregational participation). Variety is indeed the spice of life (and worship ..., The psalm of the day was always sung in three sections. At the close of each the priests drew three blasts from their silver trumpets and the people bowed down and worshipped. This closed the morning service." Psalms were sung in a particular pattern in the daily temple service: 2. Sunday: Monday: Tuesday: Wednesday:, The Biblical Psalms in Christian Worship opens with a summary of key biblical-theological themes related to the practice of worship. It continues with reflections on every step in the process of preparing to use the psalms in worship, drawing on insights from writings on the history, theology, and pastoral practice of worship, liturgy, and preaching., Psalm 66. 1 Be joyful in God, all the earth; ♦. sing the glory of his name; sing the glory of his praise. 2 Say to God, ‘How awesome are your deeds! ♦. Because of your great strength. your enemies shall bow before you. 3 ‘All the earth shall worship you, ♦. sing to you, sing praise to your name.’., Psalm 145 1 Psalm 145 A psalm of praise. Of David. 1 I will exalt you, my God the King; I will praise your name for ever and ever. 2 Every day I will praise you and extol your name for ever and ever. 3 Great is the LORD and most worthy of praise; his greatness no one can fathom. 4 , Experience divine connection through uplifting Psalms of Worship to God. Explore a collection of soul-stirring verses, perfect for spiritual growth and reflection. Discover the …, This article provides an overview of the book of Psalms by highlighting its main features and functions, its history of interpretation and usage, and certain key issues in Psalms research. More specifically, it examines interpretations by the Protestant reformers Martin Luther and John Calvin. Keywords: Psalms, Bible, religious poetry, Psalter ..., Psalm 29. New King James Version. Praise to God in His Holiness and Majesty. A Psalm of David. 29 Give[ a]unto the Lord, O you mighty ones, Give unto the Lord glory and strength. 2 [ b]Give unto the Lord the glory [ c]due to His name; Worship the Lord in the [ d]beauty of holiness. 3 The voice of the Lord is over the waters;, Discusses forgiveness and restoration in the Psalms, with a special focus on Psalm 32 and Psalm 51. Many hymns and choruses come from ... Vertical Worship Songs). Psalm 51:10 "Search Me, O God" (Cleanse Me), words by J. Edwin Orr (1936). Music: Maori tune. Psalm 52.1-2. "Whiter than Snow," words: James Nicholson (1872), music: William G ..., Let everything that has breath praise the Lord. Praise the Lord. Psalm 150:6 praise. About midnight Paul and Silas were praying and singing hymns to God, and the other prisoners were listening to them. Acts 16:25 prayer listening praise. God is spirit, and his worshipers must worship in the Spirit and in truth., This book is one of the most comprehensive resources on the Psalms for use in Christian worship. It covers the history, reception, and practice of psalm use and contains all 150 psalms, most in multiple formats. The Biblical Psalms in Christian Worship: A Brief Introduction and Guide to Resources . by John D. Witvliet., Psalm 98 - Sing to the Lord a New Song. Psalm 98 is typical of many of the praise psalms. The unidentified writer has no complaint to bring before the Lord. Rather he pens a love-song to God meant to be sung and accompanied by instruments, termed "a psalm" (mizmôr), from zāmar, "to sing, play an instrument.", Psalm 100 is often referred to as the “Psalm of Thanksgiving” and provides a beautiful and concise guide on how to cultivate gratitude in our worship and daily lives. The psalm begins with an invitation to “make a joyful noise to the Lord, all the earth!” (Psalm 100:1). Praise means making noise., Praying the Psalms gives an assurance that, when we pray and worship, we are not expected to censure or deny our experience. Psalms 44:1-26, for example, can help worshipers articulate their experience of innocent suffering freely and adequately. Praying the Psalms helps people experience freedom of speech in prayer.