Ncp dyspnea

Evaluate the respiratory rate, depth, pattern, and O2 saturation. Symptoms of pulmonary edema can progress rapidly. 3. Auscultate the breath sounds. Adventitious breath sounds like crackles, wheezing, or bubbling can be heard. Fine crackles heard on inspiration are specific to cardiogenic pulmonary edema. 5.

Impaired gas exchange is a common nursing diagnosis that refers to a patient’s inability to effectively exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, asthma, and other respiratory illnesses. Overview of dyspnea in COPD. Dyspnea is defined by the American Thoracic Society as “a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity”. 1 It is a distressing and debilitating symptom for patients with COPD. 1 Activity-related dyspnea and exercise intolerance are key features of COPD and ultimately lead to reduced ...Nursing Diagnosis. Following a thorough assessment, a nursing diagnosis is formulated to specifically address the challenges associated with pulmonary embolism based on the nurse’s clinical judgement and understanding of the patient’s unique health condition. While nursing diagnoses serve as a framework for organizing care, their usefulness ..."Unleash the power of AI for SEO with Merchynt's ProfilePro Chrome extension, saving time and agency costs for small businesses." Merchynt has fully launched its new ProfilePro too...Apr 30, 2024 · Dyspnea; Assess for factors related to the cause of lung cancer: Increased amount/viscosity of secretions; Restricted chest movement/pain; Fatigue/weakness; Surgical incision, tissue trauma, and disruption of intercostal nerves; Presence of chest tube(s) Cancer invasion of the pleura, chest wall; Nursing Diagnosis Physical Assessment. 1. Perform a physical examination. Respiratory: use of accessory respiratory muscles, prolonged expiration, pursed-lip breathing, barrel chest, wheezing, dyspnea on exertion, productive cough Integumentary: cyanosis, hypoxia, digital clubbing Musculoskeletal: muscle wasting, lower extremity edema for patients with right …

Dyspnea. Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing is a common symptom of ineffective airway clearance, as the obstruction or excessive secretions impede normal airflow. Excessive secretions. Increased production of mucus or sputum in the airways can hinder the ability to clear the airway, leading to ineffective airway clearance. …A 70-year-old woman was evaluated because of increasing dyspnea on exertion and abnormal findings on chest imaging. Eleven years before this evaluation, mild mosaic attenuation at the lung bases wa...Outlook. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) are episodes of shortness of breath that occur during sleep. They can happen any time of day or night and may be a sign of an underlying medical ...A 70-year-old woman was evaluated because of increasing dyspnea on exertion and abnormal findings on chest imaging. Eleven years before this evaluation, mild mosaic attenuation at the lung bases wa...Knowing how to utilize a store's rewards program can help you get more for less. Learn how to utilize a store's rewards program at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Tough economic times... Free nursing care plan (NCP) disturbed sleep pattern related to with diagnosis and nursing interventions. This nursing care plan is by the NANDA guidelines and is for a patient for lifestyle disruptions. Evaluate the respiratory rate, depth, pattern, and O2 saturation. Symptoms of pulmonary edema can progress rapidly. 3. Auscultate the breath sounds. Adventitious breath sounds like crackles, wheezing, or bubbling can be heard. Fine crackles heard on inspiration are specific to cardiogenic pulmonary edema. 5.

Activity intolerance is a classic sign of patients with cardiomyopathy along with other symptoms like dyspnea at rest or on exertion, fatigue, and orthopnea. This is a direct result of decreased cardiac function. Nursing Diagnosis: Activity Intolerance. Related to: The imbalance between oxygen supply/demand; Generalized weakness; As evidenced by:Dyspnea, the unpleasant subjective sensation of difficult breathing, is one of the most common symptoms experienced by patients with pulmonary and cardiac disorders. This article reviews the research concerning dyspnea and proposes it for consideration as a nursing diagnosis. The etiologies are categorized according to the neurosensory ...Activity intolerance is a classic sign of patients with cardiomyopathy along with other symptoms like dyspnea at rest or on exertion, fatigue, and orthopnea. This is a direct result of decreased cardiac function. Nursing Diagnosis: Activity Intolerance. Related to: The imbalance between oxygen supply/demand; Generalized weakness; As …Jun 11, 2023 · Dyspnea, also known as shortness of breath, is a patient's perceived difficulty to breathe. Sensations and intensity can vary and are subjective. It is a prevalent symptom impacting millions of people. It may be the primary manifestation of respiratory, cardiac, neuromuscular, psychogenic, or systemic illnesses, or a combination of these. Dyspnea on exertion is a similar sensation. However ... Use a current, evidence-based nursing care plan resource when creating a care plan for a patient. Table 8.3b NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses Related to Decreased Oxygenation and Dyspnea. Excess or deficit in oxygenation and/or carbon dioxide elimination at the alveolar-capillary membrane.Using our free interactive tool, compare today's rates in Wisconsin across various loan types and mortgage lenders. Find the loan that fits your needs. Famous for its farms, lakesh...

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Dyspnea, the unpleasant subjective sensation of difficult breathing, is one of the most common symptoms experienced by patients with pulmonary and cardiac disorders. This article reviews the research concerning dyspnea and proposes it for consideration as a nursing diagnosis. The etiologies are categorized according to the neurosensory ... May 8, 2022 · Nursing Care Plan for Chest Pain 7. Nursing Diagnosis: Powerlessness related to chronic illness and hospitalizations due to angina episodes. Desired Outcome: The patient will express a sense of control in terms of physical, mental, and emotional health, as well as self-care. Nursing Interventions for Chest Pain. Assess the level of fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea in relation to activity and length of exertion. The nurse may need to assist with ADLs or adjust the activities the patient can undertake for their safety. Interventions: 1. Provide a calm environment. Dyspnea from HF can result in anxiety and restlessness.This comprehensive nursing care plan and management guide is here to assist you in providing optimal care for clients diagnosed with dehydration or fluid volume deficit. Explore the nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis specific to dehydration, enabling you to effectively address the needs of these clients.

The role of biomarkers. An acute myocardial infarction or cardiac arrhythmia can be detected with an ECG. A plain chest x-ray can reveal pulmonary congestion, pneumothorax, or pneumonia. Specific blood tests called biomarkers also play an important role in the differential diagnosis of acute dyspnea.Dyspnea (pronounced “DISP-nee-uh”) is the word healthcare providers use for feeling short of breath. You might describe it as not being able to get enough air (“air hunger”), chest tightness or working harder to breathe. Shortness of breath is often a symptom of heart and lung problems. But it can also be a sign of other conditions like ...Acute respiratory failure occurs when there is inadequate oxygenation, ventilation (carbon dioxide elimination), or both. It can be classified as hypoxemic or hypercapnic. Hypoxemic respiratory failure describes inadequate oxygen exchange between the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli. The partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) will be ...Shortness of breath; orthopnea/dyspnea; Tachycardia; Third heart sound (S 3) Nursing Diagnosis. Following a thorough assessment, a nursing diagnosis is formulated to specifically address the challenges associated with fluid volume excess based on the nurse’s clinical judgement and understanding of the patient’s unique health condition ...Apr 29, 2024 · As a nurse, one of the key components of caring for patients with anxiety is implementing nursing interventions. These interventions are designed to address the patient’s symptoms and promote relaxation, coping, and overall well-being. 1. Recognize awareness of the client’s anxiety. Paradoxical movement of the diaphragm indicates a reversal of the normal pattern and is indicative of ventilatory muscle fatigue and/or respiratory failure. Note retractions, or flaring of nostrils. Which would signify an increase in work of breathing. Use pulse oximetry to monitor O2 saturation and pulse rate.Laporan studi kasus ini membahas penatalaksanaan terapi diet pada pasien dyspnea di Rumah Sakit Abunawas Kota Kendari. Tujuannya adalah mahasiswa dapat mengaplikasikan ilmu yang diperoleh dalam memberikan terapi diet sesuai dengan kondisi pasien. Data pasien dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, pengamatan, dan pencatatan hasil …Today, Chase announced the first rotating 5% quarterly categories of 2023 for Freedom and Freedom Flex cardmembers. Increased Offer! Hilton No Annual Fee 70K + Free Night Cert Offe...Use this nursing care plan and management guide to provide care for patients with liver cirrhosis. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing liver cirrhosis.This guide equips you with the necessary …Dyspnea is a prevalent symptom in a wide variety of disease states, not limited to cardiopulmonary disorders. Dyspnea is often as distressing as the more commonly experienced symptom of pain. It has been argued that proper management of dyspnea, like management of pain, should be expected as standard of care [1–3]. Routine pain assessment and ...

Dyspnea is a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that can only be known through a patient’s report. Numeric rating or visual analog scales allow assessment of intensity when the patient can self-report. The Respiratory Distress Observation Scale is a valid, reliable tool for estimating distress when self-report cannot be elicited. Treating dyspnea begins with managing the ...

Use this nursing care plan and management guide to provide care for patients with liver cirrhosis. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing liver cirrhosis.This guide equips you with the necessary …Get ratings and reviews for the top 11 gutter guard companies in Dubuque, IA. Helping you find the best gutter guard companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All...Outlook. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) are episodes of shortness of breath that occur during sleep. They can happen any time of day or night and may be a sign of an underlying medical ...Dyspnea associated with bronchoconstriction is at least in part mediated by vagal afferents . This is suggested by the observation that the heightened sensation of difficulty in breathing resulting from airway obstruction induced by histamine inhalation is lessened following the inhalation of lidocaine to block airway receptors.This plan should include strategies for assessing and monitoring the patient’s mental status, providing a safe and supportive environment, managing any behavioral disturbances, and communicating with the patient’s healthcare team and family members. Use this nursing diagnosis guide to help you create an acute confusion nursing care plan.Dyspnea (breathing discomfort) is a common and distressing symptom. Routine assessment and documentation can improve management and relieve suffering. …The most common causes of acute shortness of breath include: Respiratory tract infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia. These infections usually cause other symptoms, such as fever, cough, or coughing up sputum or mucus. (See "Patient education: Pneumonia in adults (Beyond the Basics)" .) A severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), …In this article we’ll discuss nursing diagnosis for respiratory disorders. Namely, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) Pneumonia. PE (Pulmonary Embolism) Pneumothorax/ Hemothorax/ Tension Pneumothorax. Mechanical Ventilation. In future articles, we’ll discuss NANDA …

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Aug 31, 2021 ... ... nursing interventions for pneumonia for Nursing Students and NCLEX Review. Pneumonia is caused by a bacterial infection, usually of the lungs ...Nursing Assessment. The main symptoms of pneumonia are coughing, sputum production, pleuritic chest pain, shaking chills, rapid shallow breathing, fever, and shortness of breath. If left untreated, pneumonia could complicate hypoxemia, respiratory failure, pleural effusion, empyema, lung abscess, and bacteremia.Results. among the 120 patients, 67.5% presented Ineffective Breathing Pattern. In the univariate analysis, the related factors were: group of diseases, fatigue, obesity and presence of bronchial secretion, and the defining characteristics were: changes in respiratory depth, auscultation with adventitious sounds, dyspnea, reduced vesicular murmurs, tachypnea, cough and use of the accessory ...Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a term used to describe conditions that affect the arteries that provide nutrients, blood, and oxygen to the heart. Atherosclerosis, a known cause of CAD, is characterized by lipid deposits within the walls of the arteries. These plaques narrow arteries, obstructing blood flow.This nursing diagnosis is appropriate for patients who cannot maintain adequate oxygenation resulting in insufficient tissue perfusion and carbon dioxide removal. An ineffective breathing pattern is a condition of inadequate ventilation due to an impairment in the mechanism of inspiration and expiration.Opioids are the foundation for management of dyspnea for palliative care. Initial doses for opioid naïve patients: Morphine PO 5mg every 3-4 hours prn **2.5 mg for fragile or older adults. Morphine IV 1-2 mg every 1 hour prn. Oxycodone PO 2.5-5 mg every 3-4 hours prn. Hydromorphone PO 1-2 mg every 3-4 hours prn.Apr 30, 2024 · Dyspnea; Assess for factors related to the cause of lung cancer: Increased amount/viscosity of secretions; Restricted chest movement/pain; Fatigue/weakness; Surgical incision, tissue trauma, and disruption of intercostal nerves; Presence of chest tube(s) Cancer invasion of the pleura, chest wall; Nursing Diagnosis 3. Use a 0-10 scale for dyspnea. The nurse can ask the patient to self-report their dyspnea using a 0-10 scale, just like they would to assess pain. 4. Prepare for invasive intervention. In the event of respiratory obstruction where coughing or suctioning is ineffective, the healthcare team must prepare for intubation or even tracheostomy.Apr 29, 2024 · As a nurse, one of the key components of caring for patients with anxiety is implementing nursing interventions. These interventions are designed to address the patient’s symptoms and promote relaxation, coping, and overall well-being. 1. Recognize awareness of the client’s anxiety. Clinical Description. Care of the Emergency Department patient seeking treatment for the sensation or complaint of breathlessness with or without the appearance of difficulty …Acute respiratory failure occurs when there is inadequate oxygenation, ventilation (carbon dioxide elimination), or both. It can be classified as hypoxemic or hypercapnic. Hypoxemic respiratory failure describes inadequate oxygen exchange between the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli. The partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) will be ...6 Influenza (Flu) Nursing Care Plans. Updated on April 30, 2024. By Matt Vera BSN, R.N. Utilize this comprehensive nursing care plan and management guide to provide effective care for patients with influenza. Gain valuable insights on nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis specifically tailored for influenza in this guide. ….

7. Auscultate breath sounds, noting decreased and/or adventitious sounds (crackles, wheezes). Note presence of increased dyspnea, tachypnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, persistent cough. Excess fluid volume can cause pulmonary congestion, leading to symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and orthopnea.Assess respiratory rate and depth by listening to lung sounds. Respiratory rate and rhythm changes are early warning signs of impending respiratory difficulties. Assess for dyspnea at rest versus with activity and note changes. To determine activity tolerance.The Indian government is preparing an initiative that would give a mobile handset to millions of rural households. The program, which has been under discussion since last year, is ...Dyspnea (shortness of breath) Hypercapnia (high carbon dioxide levels in the blood) Hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood) Pale, cyanotic ... a nursing diagnosis is formulated to specifically address the challenges associated with cystic fibrosis based on the nurse’s clinical judgement and understanding of the patient’s unique health ...Results. among the 120 patients, 67.5% presented Ineffective Breathing Pattern. In the univariate analysis, the related factors were: group of diseases, fatigue, obesity and presence of bronchial secretion, and the defining characteristics were: changes in respiratory depth, auscultation with adventitious sounds, dyspnea, reduced vesicular murmurs, tachypnea, cough and use of the accessory ...Conclusion: In chronic end-stage liver disease, chronic dyspnea occurs with a rate of 88 %. This end-stage liver disease causes increased ventilation and a mild reduction in respiratory muscle strength, the cause of this reduction is unknown. This combines various inducing stages of dyspnea in chronic liver conditions.Free nursing care plan (NCP) disturbed sleep pattern related to with diagnosis and nursing interventions. This nursing care plan is by the NANDA guidelines and is for a patient for lifestyle disruptions. Registered Nurse RN. Registered Nurse, Free Care Plans, Free NCLEX Review, Nurse Salary, and much more. ...Pleural Effusion Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan. Pleural effusion is characterized by the accumulation of excess fluid between the lining of the chest wall and the lining of the lungs, known as the pleural space. Normally, there is a minimal amount of fluid in the pleural space that acts as lubrication to facilitate breathing. Ncp dyspnea, Free nursing care plan (NCP) disturbed sleep pattern related to with diagnosis and nursing interventions. This nursing care plan is by the NANDA guidelines and is for a patient for lifestyle disruptions. Registered Nurse RN. Registered Nurse, Free Care Plans, Free NCLEX Review, Nurse Salary, and much more. ..., Dyspnea, the unpleasant subjective sensation of difficult breathing, is one of the most common symptoms experienced by patients with pulmonary and cardiac disorders. This article reviews the research concerning dyspnea and proposes it for consideration as a nursing diagnosis. The etiologies are categorized according to the neurosensory ..., Nursing Diagnosis for Pneumonia : Activity Intolerance May be related to Imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. General weakness. ... and dyspnea. Desired Outcomes Report/demonstrate a measurable increase in tolerance to activity with absence of dyspnea and excessive fatigue, and vital signs within patient’s acceptable range. 1. …, Ineffective-breathing-pattern-_NCP - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free., Emphysema is a lung disease that gradually damages the air sacs (alveoli). Over time, the sacs weaken and rupture, resulting in a reduction of the surface area of the lungs and the amount of oxygen reaching the bloodstream, which results in dyspnea. Gradually, damage to the alveoli causes the lungs to overfill, making breathing increasingly ..., Conclusion. Dyspnoea is a frightening experience. Patients require a thorough nursing assessment and nursing care that is tailored to alleviate their distress. - Related articles in Nursing Times. Brooker, R. (2004)The effective assessment of acute breathlessness in a patient. Nursing Times; 100: 24, 61-67., Nursing Diagnosis. Following a thorough assessment, a nursing diagnosis is formulated to specifically address the challenges associated with pulmonary embolism based on the nurse’s clinical judgement and understanding of the patient’s unique health condition. While nursing diagnoses serve as a framework for organizing care, their usefulness ..., Ineffective breathing pattern care plan: This nursing care plan and diagnosis is for the following condition: Ineffective Breathing Pattern, Dyspnea, Respiratory Distress …, Decreased activity tolerance is a common nursing diagnosis that applies when a patient experiences a decrease in their ability or comfort limit to perform physical activities. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including pain, fatigue, immobility, and environmental conditions. Nurses play an integral role in identifying and assessing ..., Apr 3, 2022 · Dyspnea Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to underlying condition as evidenced by abnormal breathing rate, rhythm and depth, and the use of respiratory accessory muscles. Desired Outcome: Patient will maintain an effective breathing pattern as shown by normal and relaxed breathing and absence of dyspnea. , Results. among the 120 patients, 67.5% presented Ineffective Breathing Pattern. In the univariate analysis, the related factors were: group of diseases, fatigue, obesity and presence of bronchial secretion, and the defining characteristics were: changes in respiratory depth, auscultation with adventitious sounds, dyspnea, reduced vesicular murmurs, tachypnea, cough and use of the accessory ..., An Activity Intolerance nursing diagnosis that can be used when a person has difficulty completing activities due to fatigue, pain, or breathlessness. Activity intolerance may also occur when an individual has difficulty mobilizing due to weakness or stiffness. Nursing interventions for activity intolerance include providing rest periods ..., 1. Involve the patient in planning an appropriate regimen to promote smoking cessation. Patients who are involved in shared decision-making have a higher chance of adhering to the treatment plan. 2. Help the patient pick a quit day. One of the first steps in quitting is having a plan and picking a day., Ineffective-breathing-pattern-_NCP - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free., Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks, Apr 30, 2024 · Fatigue can lower the client’s ability to cope with and manage stressors, making them more susceptible to feeling overwhelmed or emotionally drained. Physical symptoms. Fatigue can manifest in various physical symptoms, including headaches, muscle aches, dizziness, and general malaise. , Chronic dyspnea, a distressing symptom in patients with complex chronic conditions, is linked to higher risks of mortality. This study aimed to identify nursing …, Dyspnea, often called shortness of breath (SOB), describes difficult or labored breathing, often with an increased respiratory rate. Shortness of breath is the …, In cases where respiratory fatigue is present, Dyspnea and Impaired Gas Exchange should be considered instead of impaired spontaneous ventilation. Dyspnea is an individual’s subjective experience with difficulty in breathing, while Impaired Gas Exchange relates to impaired uptake of oxygen into the bloodstream and release of carbon dioxide. , The most common cause of dyspnea in patients with chronic pulmonary or cardiac disorders is. Exacerbation of their disease. However, such patients may also acutely develop another condition (eg, a patient with long-standing asthma may have a myocardial infarction, a patient with chronic heart failure may develop pneumonia). Table., Dyspnea is a subjective experience. Treat the patient based on complaints or appearance, rather than relying on numerical values. Similar signs and symptoms across conditions make diagnosis difficult. The most common causes originate from heart or lungs; although neuromuscular or psychologic origins should be considered., Patient will not experience dyspnea, restlessness, or fatigue from reduced cardiac output. Assessment: 1. Assess the signs and symptoms along with chest pain. The following signs and symptoms can occur with chest pain and may signal a decrease in cardiac output and perfusion to different organs: Excessive sweating (diaphoresis) …, * Assess for dyspnea and quantify (e.g., note how many words per breath patient can say); relate dyspnea to precipitating factors. o Assess for dyspnea at rest versus activity and note changes. Dyspnea that occurs with activity may indicate activity intolerance. * Monitor breathing patterns: o Bradypnea (slow respirations), VANCOUVER, BC / ACCESSWIRE / June 2, 2020 / Gold Terra Resource Corp. (TSXV:YGT)(FRA:TX0)(OTC PINK:TRXXF) ("Gold Terra" or the &quo... VANCOUVER, BC / ACCESSWIRE / J..., The patient may experience chest discomfort or dyspnea. Assess for tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypoxia. There is an increased risk of heart failure with anemia. 6. Palpate the lymph nodes. ... Acute pain is a nursing diagnosis specific to sickle cell anemia. This genetic condition causes red blood cells to ‘sickle’ and clump together ..., Assess the level of fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea in relation to activity and length of exertion. The nurse may need to assist with ADLs or adjust the activities the patient can undertake for their safety. Interventions: 1. Provide a calm environment. Dyspnea from HF can result in anxiety and restlessness., CHF Nursing Care Plan 1. Nursing Diagnosis: Decreased Cardiac Output related to increased preload and afterload and impaired contractility as evidenced by irregular heartbeat, heart rate of 128, dyspnea upon exertion, and fatigue. Desired outcome: The patient will be able to maintain adequate cardiac output., Dyspnea is a common symptom and, in most cases, can be effectively managed in the office by the family physician. The differential diagnosis is composed of four general categories: cardiac ..., Jun 11, 2023 · Ineffective breathing pattern refers to an abnormal or inefficient way of breathing that hampers the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. The patient may experience difficulties in taking in an adequate amount of air or exhaling fully. This can result in a decreased oxygen supply to the body’s tissues and an accumulation of ... , Nursing Diagnosis: Activity Intolerance. Related to: An imbalance between oxygen supply and demand ; As evidenced by: Exertional discomfort ... Level 1 is the ability to walk at a regular pace indefinitely with minimal shortness of breath while level 4 is dyspnea and fatigue at rest. 2. Note contributing factors. Along with respiratory ..., Examine the patient for dyspnea on a scale of 0 to 10, tachypnea, irregular or reduced breathing sounds, increased respirations, restricted chest wall expansion, and exhaustion. Pulmonary tuberculosis can induce a little patch of bronchopneumonia to diffuse severe inflammation, necrosis, pulmonary edema, and lung fibrosis. ..., Nursing Diagnosis. Following a thorough assessment, a nursing diagnosis is formulated to specifically address the challenges associated with pulmonary embolism based on the nurse’s clinical judgement and understanding of the patient’s unique health condition. While nursing diagnoses serve as a framework for organizing care, their usefulness ..., Tutorial pada NCP dengan diagnosis medis Obs. Dyspneu ec. Edem paru akut, bronchiectasis, edema paru kardiogenik, pneumonia organism unspecified