Cecilia payne gaposchkin

In 1925, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin became the first person to attain a PhD in astronomy from Harvard, an achievement in itself. But her thesis went one step further; there she put forward the evidence she’d discovered that the sun and other stars were actually composed mostly of hydrogen and helium, the lightest elements, meaning they …

Cecilia payne gaposchkin. Donovan Moore, What Stars Are Made Of: The Life of Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.OCLC: 1137825560. ISBN: 9780674245242, 2020. Book Google Scholar . Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, An Autobiography and Other Recollections, ed. Haramundanis K., ISBN 0521482518, …

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Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1936 and called by some “the most prominent woman astronomer of all time.” She was one of three children born in Wendover in Buckinghamshire, England to Emma and Edward John Payne, a London barrister. Edward Payne was also a gifted musician who also wrote music. He died when Cecilia was only four; their mother ...By continuing to use this site, you consent to the terms of our cookie policy, which can be found in our Privacy Notice. A Wikimédia Commons tartalmaz Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposhkin témájú médiaállományokat. Cecilia Payne (teljes leánynevén Cecilia Helena Payne, asszonynevén Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposhkin) ( Wendover, Buckinghamshire, Anglia, 1900. május 10. – Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1979. december 7.) brit származású amerikai csillagász. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Doctoral Dissertation Award in Astrophysics. This award recognizes doctoral thesis in research in astrophysics, and encourages effective written and oral presentation of research results. The annual award consists of $1,500 for the recipient, a certificate, registration waiver, and all finalists will receive a travel ...Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin. Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (10. toukokuuta 1900 – 7. joulukuuta 1979) oli brittiläinen tähtitieteilijä, joka päätteli, että vety on tähtien (ja siten koko universumin) yleisin alkuaine.Hänen tutkimuksensa ovat olleet pohjana koko ydinreaktiotutkimukselle.. Elämä. Payne-Gaposchkin opiskeli Cambridgen yliopistossa …Cecilia Helena Payne Gaposchkin. The Observatory, 1925 - Astrophysics - 215 pages. Original thesis submitted to Radcliffe College. The typescript is a summary of the thesis with handwritten ink insertions. The galley proof contains the full text and bears blue and graphite pencil markings. A library thesis use form is affixed to the bottom of ...Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin proposed in her doctoral thesis that the stars are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, and changed the face of astrophysics. Early Life Cecilia Helena Payne was ...

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin's 1925 doctoral thesis posi... The first in a series as we celebrate Women's History Month and the accomplishments of women in Physics. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin's 1925 ...Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (born May 10, 1900, Wendover, Eng.—died Dec. 7, 1979, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.) was a British-born American astronomer who discovered that stars are made mainly of hydrogen and helium and established that stars could be classified according to their temperatures.The first (and easiest) way that a user can be blocked by a website is to simply block the user name and password from being accepted. This only works if you have to sign into some...Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin. (1900–79). British-born American astronomer Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin conducted pioneering research on the composition of stars. She discovered that stars are made mostly of hydrogen and helium. Cecilia Helena Payne was born on May 10, 1900, in Wendover, England. She studied at the University of Cambridge, where she ...Yet few have heard of Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (1900–1979), an English-American astronomer — and Unitarian — who discovered the true physical constitution of the universe. “Payne-Gaposchkin’s most dramatic scientific contribution was the discovery that hydrogen is millions of times more abundant than any other element in the universe ...

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin is acclaimed as the greatest woman astronomer of all time. In this book, her own story of her professional life, work, and scientific achievements is augmented by the personal recollections of her daughter, Katherine Haramundanis.Hundreds of millions of dollars changed hands in these high-profile, messy divorces between athletes and their spouses. It&aposs all fun and games until somebody takes a mistress. ...Mar 21, 1996 · Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin is acclaimed as the greatest woman astronomer of all time. In this book, her own story of her professional life, work, and scientific achievements is augmented by the personal recollections of her daughter, Katherine Haramundanis. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin in Harvard College Observatory, Image Credit: Smithsonian Institution @ Flickr Commons. Cecilia Payne was a pioneering astronomer whose work helped to unravel the …Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (PAYN guh POSH kuhn) was a British-born astronomer who became an authority on variable stars (stars that change in brightness) and the structure of ...Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia (1900–1979)American astrophysicist, an authority on variable stars and galactic structure, who was the first to receive a Ph.D. in astronomy from Radcliffe (1925) and the first woman to achieve the rank of professor at Harvard University (1956).

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Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin was the first person to realise the abundance of hydrogen in the stars and the universe at large. She would overcome the adversity that faces women in academia to blaze a ...Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin was one of the world’s first astrochemists. This book tells of her striking scientific insights, her frustrations as a female scientist and how she rose to become the first female professor at Harvard University. Born in Wendover, UK, in 1900, she won a scholarship nineteen years later to Newnham College, Cambridge ...Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Notice : We are in the process of migrating Oral History Interview metadata to this new version of our website. During this migration, the following fields associated with interviews may be incomplete: Institutions , Additional Persons , and Subjects .This is a wonderful book on astronomy. Every serious student of astronomy and astrophysics should have a copy. It is, unfortunately, somewhat dated, but it will never be obsolete.In 1912 Cecilia Payne (later Payne-Gaposchkin), a 12-year-old schoolgirl, decided to carry out her own heavenly research. She had still been in a pram when she saw her first meteorite flashing across the skies and announced that she would become an astronomer. Frustrated by the limited syllabus of her Catholic school, she divided her ...May 10, 2021 · Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin helped her get a visa to the United States, got her a job at Harvard, and married her in 1934. Although married, she retained her position as a researcher, which was shocking by the standards of the time. With Sergei, she devoted herself to the study of magnitudes, especially variable stars.

Introduction Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (1900-1979), the first woman to attain a full professorship through a regular faculty promotion at Harvard University, was a pioneer in astrophysics and a leading authority on the brightness of variable stars. Her work was of fundamental importance in the study of stellar …Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia (1900–1979)American astrophysicist, an authority on variable stars and galactic structure, who was the first to receive a Ph.D. in astronomy from Radcliffe (1925) and the first woman to achieve the rank of professor at Harvard University (1956). Name variations: Cecelia Gaposhkin; Cecilia Gaposchkin. Source for information on …May 9, 2024 · When the U.S. Fusion Energy Outreach Team declared the second week of May as Fusion Energy Week, they were recognizing the May 10 birthday of Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin—the British-born American astronomer who applied principles of quantum physics, chemistry, and astronomy to become the first to realize—at the age of 25—that stars and the universe itself are mostly composed of hydrogen and ... Payne-Gaposchkin was a many-sided personality known for her wit, her literary knowledge, and for her personal friendships with individual stars. She became the first woman in the history of Harvard University to receive a corporation appointment with tenure, and the first woman department chair in 1956. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin. May 10, 1900. Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin was a British born American astrophysicist and astronomer. In 1925, she became the first person to earn a PhD in astronomy from Radcliffe College of Harvard University. Her doctoral thesis proposed that stars are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, and that hydrogen ... Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin. May 10, 1900. Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin was a British born American astrophysicist and astronomer. In 1925, she became the first person to earn a PhD in astronomy from Radcliffe College of Harvard University. Her doctoral thesis proposed that stars are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, and that hydrogen ...19 Jun 2023 ... Her work on variable stars was undertaken alongside her husband Sergei Gaposchkin, a Russian-born astrophysicist she had met in Germany in 1933 ...Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin was an excellant writer of astronomy books. She covers ALL the information on a given topic in a clear, concise manner. Although this book was written in 1979, it covers and explains(in a clear manner that the average eduacted reader can understand), everthing that was then known about stars, including the …By 1930, Payne-Gaposchkin earned only $2,300 a year. She served as a technical assistant to H. Shapley, director of Harvard College Observatory, 1927 - 1938. [33P LSG] Payne-Gaposchkin's work at Harvard College Observatory was unofficial and unacknowledged until 1938 when she was granted the title of Astronomer.Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (born Cecilia Helena Payne; () May 10, 1900 – () December 7, 1979) was a British-born American astronomer and astrophysicist. In her 1925 doctoral thesis she proposed that stars were composed primarily of hydrogen and helium. The life-changing and long-lasting influence of Cecilia Payne ... 1 Jan 2003 ... Portrait of Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, UU and Physicist. Painting of astronomer Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin by Patricia Watwood, © President and ...

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin was an excellant writer of astronomy books. She covers ALL the information on a given topic in a clear, concise manner. Although this book was written in 1979, it covers and explains(in a clear manner that the average eduacted reader can understand), everthing that was then known about stars, including the changes that …

Sociedade. Quem foi Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, que descobriu a composição do Sol. A astrônoma britânica dedicou a vida ao estudo das estrelas – mas …Cecilia Payne nació el 10 de mayo de 1900 en Wendover, Reino Unido. Padres Hija de Edward John Payne, abogado, historiador y músico natural de Londres, y de Emma Leonora Helena Pertz, descendiente de una familia prusiana.Fri 23 Aug 2013 02.30 EDT. Today, internet-based retailer Who Made Your Pants? launches a line of women's pants called Cecilia, named after Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, the pioneering 20th century ...Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin fue una de las grandes astrónomas de la historia y la primera en determinar de qué se componen las estrellas. Sin embargo, su carrera nunca fue fácil y tuvo que luchar ...Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin døde 79 år gammel i 1979 af lungekræft. Hun efterlod sig sin mand og de tre børn. Datteren Katherine bemærkede, at de mange cigaretter havde været hendes mors eneste last. Tro mod videnskaben havde Cecilia doneret sit legeme til obduktion, så lægerne kunne gøre nye erfaringer ud fra hendes kræftsygdom.PERSONAL SUBSCRIPTION. Purchase an annual subscription for $25. A subscription grants you access to all of Physics Today 's current and backfile content. SUBSCRIBE. View Metrics. Katherine Haranumdanis, Helen Sawyer Hogg; Cecilia Payne‐Gaposchkin: An Autobiography and Other Recollections, Physics Today, Volume 37, Issue 12, 1 …Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkinová. Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky. Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkinová, rodným jménem Cecilia Payne ( 10. května 1900 Wendover – 7. prosince 1979 Cambridge) byla britsko - americká astronomka. Je zakladatelkou kvantitativní chemické analýzy hvězdných atmosfér.

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Cecilia Payne Gaposchkin (1900-79) was as smart as the men of her generation, as well educated, as hard working, as devoted to her profession. These strengths, combined with changes in society at large, offered her opportunities available to few women at the time, or for years to come.An in-depth look at how to pool and share credit card points, hotel points and frequent-flyer miles. Editor’s note: This is a recurring post, regularly updated with new information...From 1956 to 1960, Payne-Gaposchkin served as “Chair of the Department of Astronomy” at Harvard University. She became the first woman to serve as a department chair. Payne-Gaposchkin retired in 1965 (at the age of 65) and was made “Professor Emeritus” at Harvard University, the following year.Learn how Cecilia Payne discovered the chemical makeup of stars in 1925 and revolutionized astrophysics. She also collaborated with Sergei Gaposchkin, a Russian …Get ratings and reviews for the top 7 home warranty companies in La Grange, KY. Helping you find the best home warranty companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home ...China’s biggest natural gas producer won a timely concession from the country’s leaders this week as Beijing announced it would raise natural gas prices for non-residents by 15% fr...Cecilia Payne nació el 10 de mayo de 1900 en Wendover, Reino Unido. Padres Hija de Edward John Payne, abogado, historiador y músico natural de Londres, y de Emma Leonora Helena Pertz, descendiente de una familia prusiana.Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (10 Mei 1900 – 7 Desember 1979) adalah seorang astronom Britania-Amerika. Dia dilahirkan di Inggris dengan nama Cecilia Payne dan menempuh studi dalam bidang botani, fisika dan kimia di Universitas Cambridge. Ia meninggalkan Inggris dan menuju ke Amerika Serikat pada 1922.Cecilia Payne Gaposchkin (1900-79) was as smart as the men of her generation, as well educated, as hard working, as devoted to her profession. These strengths, combined with changes in society at large, offered her opportunities available to few women at the time, or for years to come.Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin: the first to describe what stars are made of - BBC Science Focus Magazine.Learn about the life and achievements of Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, the first person to discover hydrogen as the dominant element in the universe. Read how she overcame sexism and bias to … ….

Cecilia Payne was a trailblazer, opening the doors wide for women in the sciences and the upper ranks of the halls of academia. This is the story of a brilliant female astronomer who took the world on her terms. Early Years. Cecilia Payne was born in Buckinghamshire, England, on May 10th, 1900. She was the first child of parents who had married ...A Wikimédia Commons tartalmaz Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposhkin témájú médiaállományokat. Cecilia Payne (teljes leánynevén Cecilia Helena Payne, asszonynevén Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposhkin) ( Wendover, Buckinghamshire, Anglia, 1900. május 10. – Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1979. december 7.) brit származású …Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (1900 - 1979) Cecilia was an English-American astronomer and one of three children. She won a scholarship to read botany, physics and chemistry at Newnham College, Cambridge University in 1919, where her interest in astronomy was sparked by a lecture given by Eddington, on his eclipse ...Learn about the life and achievements of Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, who discovered the composition of the universe and broke the glass ceiling at Harvard. Read her biography by Donovan Moore, published by Harvard University Press.Eseleth. Akademi Art ha Godhonieth Amerika, Kowethas Filosofiethek Amerika, American Astronomical Society. Sinans. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin. Godhonydh a'n Ruvaneth Unys o Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (10 Mis Me 1900 – 7 Mis Kevardhu 1979 ), a aswonnys yn fenowgh avel steronydh, akademek ha sterfysegydh.In 1912 Cecilia Payne (later Payne-Gaposchkin), a 12-year-old schoolgirl, decided to carry out her own heavenly research. She had still been in a pram when she saw her first meteorite flashing across the skies and announced that she would become an astronomer. Frustrated by the limited syllabus of her Catholic school, she divided her ...A Wikimédia Commons tartalmaz Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposhkin témájú médiaállományokat. Cecilia Payne (teljes leánynevén Cecilia Helena Payne, …Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin overcame prodigious obstacles to become a woman of many firsts: the first to receive a PhD in astronomy from Radcliffe College, the first promoted to full professor at Harvard, the first to head a department there. And, in what has been called “the most brilliant PhD thesis ever written in astronomy,” she was the ... Cecilia payne gaposchkin, Mar 1, 1984 · Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin is the first human ever to realize that the universe was largely made up of hydrogen, a result that was contained in "the most brilliant PhD thesis ever written in astronomy." Oh, and she happened to be a woman which made it difficult for her to obtain the kind of positions that her less talented male colleagues did. , In 1925, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin became the first person to attain a PhD in astronomy from Harvard, an achievement in itself. But her thesis went one step further; there she put forward the evidence she’d discovered that the sun and other stars were actually composed mostly of hydrogen and helium, the lightest elements, meaning they …, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1936 and called by some “the most prominent woman astronomer of all time.” She was one of three children born in Wendover in Buckinghamshire, England to Emma and Edward John Payne, a London barrister. Edward Payne was also a gifted musician …, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin is the first human ever to realize that the universe was largely made up of hydrogen, a result that was contained in "the most brilliant PhD thesis ever written in astronomy." Oh, and she happened to be a woman which made it difficult for her to obtain the kind of positions that her less talented male colleagues did., 9 May 2020 ... There is only one person capable of introducing themselves that way in their own autobiography: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, one of the most ..., Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin. Portrait by Patricia Watwood, Courtesy of the Harvard Portrait Collection. “The Most Brilliant Ph.D Thesis. Ever Written in Astronomy” By Owen …, A Wikimédia Commons tartalmaz Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposhkin témájú médiaállományokat. Cecilia Payne (teljes leánynevén Cecilia Helena Payne, asszonynevén Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposhkin) ( Wendover, Buckinghamshire, Anglia, 1900. május 10. – Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1979. december 7.) brit származású amerikai csillagász., January 1, 1925: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin and the Day the Universe Changed. By Richard Williams. Cecilia Payne made a long and lonely journey from her childhood in England to prominence in a scientific community that begrudged a place to women. She began her scientific career with a scholarship to Cambridge University, where she took the course ..., In 1976 Payne-Gaposchkin received the Henry Russel Henry Norris Russel Prize (yes, the very same Russel) from the American Astronomical Society “for the lifetime of eminence in astronomical research”. She remained actively involved in astronomical research until the end of her life. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin passed away on December 7, 1979., This is the book that forever changed astronomy and our understanding of the universe, yet few people know of this book's existence. Dr. Cecilia H. Payne's (Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin) 1925 Harvard University PhD thesis, titled Stellar Atmospheres - A Contribution to the Observational Study of HighTemperature in the Reversing Layer of …, Cecilia Gaposchkin. Cecilia Gaposchkin received her Ph.D. from Berkeley in 2001. She works on late medieval cultural history, and has published on the crusades, on the Capetians (the kings of France between 987 and 1328), on kingship, and on liturgy. Her most recent book is Vexilla Regis: Liturgy and Relics at the Sainte Chapelle in the ... , Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (10. mai 1900 Wendover, Buckinghamshire, Suurbritannia – 7. detsember 1979 Cambridge (Massachusetts), USA) oli Suurbritannia ja Ameerika Ühendriikide astronoom ja astrofüüsik, kes oma 1925. aasta doktoriväitekirjas pakkus esimesena välja, et tähed koosnevad suures osas vesinikust ja heeliumist., Cecilia PAYNE-GAPOSCHKIN (naskiĝis la 10-an de majo 1900 en Buckinghamshire, mortis la 7-an de decembro 1979 en Kembriĝo, Usono) estis angla-usona astronomino, kiu en 1925 en sia doktoriga disertacio konjektis, ke la steloj konsistas ĉefe el hidrogeno.Ĉi tiu laboro estis konsiderata tiutempe kiel la plej brila doktoriga disertacio iam verkita pri …, Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin was a British–American astronomer associated with the Women Astronomical Computers, a group of female astronomers and analysts at Harvard College Observatory (HCO). She discovered the chemical composition of stars and, in particular, that hydrogen and helium are the most abundant elements in stars., Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin ( Wendover, Buckinghamshire, Reino Unido. 10 de mayo de 1900 – Cambridge, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos. 7 de diciembre de 1979) fue una astrónoma y astrofísica anglo - americana. En 1925, en su Tesis de Doctorado (Ph.D) propuso que las estrellas están compuestas principalmente por hidrógeno., , Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin is acclaimed as the greatest woman astronomer of all time. In this book, her own story of her professional life, work, and scientific achievements is augmented by the personal recollections of her daughter, Katherine Haramundanis. Other highlights include a scientific appreciation by Jesse Greenstein, a …, This was against conventional thought at the time, when it was thought stars were just the same as the Earth. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin was the first doctor of astronomy at Harvard, she became a ..., Split View. Cite. Permissions. Share. Abstract. I present here a review of the career of one of the 20th century's most important astronomers, who succeeded in …, "Bibliography of works by Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin": p. 239-255 Includes bibliographical references and index 97 07 08 Access-restricted-item true Addeddate 2019-07-03 15:59:35 Associated-names Haramundanis, Katherine, 1937- Bookplateleaf 0002 Boxid IA1327019 ..., Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (født 10. maj 1900, død 7. december 1979) var en britisk-amerikansk astronom og astrofysiker. I 1925 foreslog hun i sin doktorafhandling , at stjernerne hovedsageligt bestod af hydrogen , en opfattelse, som helt brød med den gængse, at de mest bestod af jern., Sociedade. Quem foi Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, que descobriu a composição do Sol. A astrônoma britânica dedicou a vida ao estudo das estrelas – mas …, Source: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin: An Autobiography and Other Recollections (1996) Early Life. Cecilia was born in Wendover, England. Her mother was interested in lots of different topics like nature, music and theatre. Cecilia spent lots of time reading in her home's library., In 1925, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin became the first person to attain a PhD in astronomy from Harvard, an achievement in itself. But her thesis went one step further; there she put forward the evidence she’d discovered that the sun and other stars were actually composed mostly of hydrogen and helium, the lightest elements, meaning they …, When the U.S. Fusion Energy Outreach Team declared the second week of May as Fusion Energy Week, they were recognizing the May 10 birthday of Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin—the British-born American astronomer who applied principles of quantum physics, chemistry, and astronomy to become the first to realize—at the age of 25—that …, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Quotes. Your reward will be the widening of the horizon as you climb. And if you achieve that reward you will ask no other. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Katherine Haramundanis (1996). “Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin: An Autobiography and Other Recollections”, p.227, Cambridge University Press., 8 Dec 1979 ... Harvard University Astronomy Professor ... Dr. Cecilia H. Payne-Gaposchkin, 79, Phillips professor of astronomy emeritus at Harvard University and ..., Cecilia Payne Gaposchkin (1900-79) was as smart as the men of her generation, as well educated, as hard working, as devoted to her profession. These strengths, combined with changes in society at large, offered her opportunities available to few women at the time, or for years to come., Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (Wendover, Buckinghamshire, Reino Unido. 10 de mayo de 1900 – Cambridge, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos. 7 de diciembre de 1979) fue una astrónoma y astrofísica anglo-americana. En 1925, en su Tesis de Doctorado (Ph.D) propuso que las estrellas están compuestas principalmente por hidrógeno., Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin: An Autobiography, Edited by Katherine Haramundanis, CUP, New York, 1984. (1900 - 1979, Payne) Cecilia Payne came up to Newnham to study Natural Sciences in 1919. She had had a brief fling with botany earlier, but decided to dedicate herself to astronomy after attending a lecture by Eddington., Reviews Space. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin revealed stars’ composition and broke gender barriers. ‘What Stars Are Made Of’ celebrates the life of a pioneering …, Payne-Gaposchkin was a many-sided personality known for her wit, her literary knowledge, and for her personal friendships with individual stars. She became the first woman in the history of Harvard University to receive a corporation appointment with tenure, and the first woman department chair in 1956., Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin first studied at Cambridge, but did not receive a degree because at the time, Cambridge University did not award degrees to women. Payne-Gaposchkin overcame this barrier after applying for a fellowship to the Harvard College Observatory and was the first to receive a PhD in astronomy from Radcliffe College.