Aimsweb norms chart 2023

Interpreting Norms. Norm Calculation. On the Detailed Percentiles Table, the grade 7 MCRC table has 20 questions for Fall but only 19 for Winter and 18 for Spring. All of the MCRC grade 7 tests have 20 questions so why isn’t this reflected in the percentiles table? Percentile Rankings and Norm Scores.

In 1992, the authors collaborated to develop a set of norms for oral reading fluency for grades 2-5. Since then, interest in and awareness of fluency has greatly increased, and Hasbrouck and Tindal have collaborated further to compile an updated and expanded set of norms for grades 1-8.25 Jul 2023 by Miss Shannon Ziemann Aimsweb table norms fluency national curriculum growth reading measurement multi based Orf norms : dibels oral reading fluency rates : note that another Fluency norms dibels orfThe Aimsweb National Norms Table Maze is an innovative tool being used by educators across the country to help students understand and develop their academic skills. This maze provides a unique visual representation of the national norms table, allowing students to explore the data in a fun and engaging way. By introducing this exciting new way ...Are wedding save-the-date cards optional or necessary? Find out whether you really need save-the-date cards for your wedding. Advertisement Save-the-dates are a great way to announ...In 1992, the authors collaborated to develop a set of norms for oral reading fluency for grades 2-5. Since then, interest in and awareness of fluency has greatly increased, and Hasbrouck and Tindal have collaborated further to compile an updated and expanded set of norms for grades 1-8.

aimswebPlus is a brief and valid assessment system for screening and monitoring reading and math skills for all students in Kindergarten through Grade 8. Normative data were collected in 2013-14 on a combination of fluency measures that are sensitive to growth as well as new standards-based assessments of classroom skills.The standards for 2024 require soldiers to score at least 60 points in each ACFT event. The ACFT scores on a scale from 0 to 100, with a minimum of 60 points required in each event to pass for active-duty soldiers. The maximum score you can achieve in any ACFT event is 100 points. The minimum score required to pass any ACFT event is 60 points.AIMSweb: Kindergarten. AIMSweb is used to monitor and track students' progress as often as weekly. Students in kindergarten take the Test of Early Literacy for Reading and the Test of Early Numeracy for Math. Each of these tests has 4 parts. Click on the blue link for each test part and you can see a sample of the test. Tests for Early Literacy: Introduction. The aimswebPlus® Early Literacy measures are a set of brief, individually administered, standardized measures for children in Kindergarten and Grade 1. These measures are designed for the universal screening or benchmarking of entire student classrooms at the beginning, middle, and end of the school year. This appendix provides the achievement status norms for each content area, grade, and term. Status norms estimates consider the number of instructional weeks preceding a test administration. Table A.1 reports norms for mathematics and reading; Table A.2 reports norms for language usage and science.

West Shore School District Year: 2017-2018 AIMSweb® National Norms Table Written Expression - Correct Writing Sequences Fall Winter Spring Grade %ile Num CWS Num CWS Num CWS Group ROIfrom the AIMSweb Aggregate Norm.) The resulting normative table illustrates the performance by percentile rank of all students within the United States who took the specified AIMSweb assessment , and for whom customers have subsequently recorded their scores manually or via electronic data capture tools within the AIMSweb® system.Aimsweb National Norms Table 2017. masuzi May 25, 2018 Uncategorized Leave a comment 311 Views. Aimswebplus technical manual test of early literacy tel administration and scoring guide aimsweb norms table access benchmark 6 8 xlsx sment instrument description plus growth reading curriculum based measurement multi year aggregate school pdf free ...1 AIMSweb National High School Norms This report provides national high school norms for five Grade 8 AIMSweb measures: Reading Curriculum-Based Measurement (R CBM) Reading Lazy (Maze) (WE), consist of (TWW), (CWS), (WSC) Mathematics Business and Applications (M CAP) Mathematical Computation (M COMP) Which percentile norms reflect and output by the national population of students in Grades 9 2 ...

Heartland spartan.

Interpreting Norms. Norm Calculation. On the Detailed Percentiles Table, the grade 7 MCRC table has 20 questions for Fall but only 19 for Winter and 18 for Spring. All of the MCRC grade 7 tests have 20 questions so why isn’t this reflected in the percentiles table? Percentile Rankings and Norm Scores.NATIONAL ORF NORMS 50thPercentiles Hasbrouck & Tindal (2006) 4 94 112 123 5 110 127 139 6 127 140 150 7 128 136 150 8 133 146 151 GREEN zone 10or more to -4 YELLOW Zone -5 to -10 RED Zone > 10 below Read Naturally, Inc. www.readnaturally.comDescription: This is an abstract for the AIMSweb Score Matrix report. This report allows for a comparison of student’s results (Correct and Error) for each of the General Outcome Measures per each of the testing periods. Purpose: This report displays the students General Outcome Measures for the three testing periods (Fall, Winter and Spring ...View the results of the updated 2017 study on visual write fluency (ORF) by Jan Hasbrouck and Gerald Tindal, use compiled ORF norms for grades 1-6. You'll also find an analyses from like the 2017 norms differ from the 2006 norms.7. division facts 0-9 flash cards. 8. fact families multiplication and division 0-9 practice set - same as skill. 9. add/subtract fractions with like denominators practice set - same as skill. (3rds, 4ths, 8ths, 10ths, no regrouping) 10. single digit multiplied by double/triple digit practice set - same as skill.May 28th, 2018 - Aimsweb Lexile Chart 2015 Aimsweb lexile chart 2015 pdf download grade level conversion chart district 196 lexile grade level conversion chart lexile' 'Peugeot 206 Cc Owners Manual acknex de June 10th, 2018 - home iranianstudies com agricultural sciences p2 memorandum aimsweb conversion chart aha bls written exam answers

tests every two years. This means that we update user norms every other fall using data from the past three school years. For example, for the norms of a specific course-specific test to be released in the fall of 2023, the plan is to build the norms based on the test data from three years including 2019/20, 2020/21, and 2021/22.4 Roi Growth Norms Guide Aimsweb 2023-10-12 components of effective reading instruction." Integrated throughout are authentic, research-validated, reality-based strategies, accessible language and video demonstrations, and checks for student understanding. The Enhanced Pearson eText features embedded video, assessments, and links to related ...Aimsweb norms chart 2014 (PDF) | drupal8.pvcc.edu drupal8.pvcc.edu fluency norms chart 2017 update reading rockets Nov 08 2023 fluency view the results of the updated 2017 study on oral reading fluency orf by jan hasbrouck and gerald tindal with compiled orf norms for grades 1 6 you ll also find anDetailed Instructions. Here are some FAQs regarding aimsweb Early Numeracy and Oral Reading Fluency administration. Number Comparison Fluency-Pairs (NCF-P): Is it okay for a student to simply point to the correct answer (rather than vocalize the answer)? Students should point to the bigger number in each number pair as they … Aimsweb norms chart 2014 (PDF) | drupal8.pvcc.edu drupal8.pvcc.edu fluency norms chart 2017 update reading rockets Nov 08 2023 fluency view the results of the updated 2017 study on oral reading fluency orf by jan hasbrouck and gerald tindal with compiled orf norms for grades 1 6 you ll also find an Learn how to administer and score the Reading Curriculum-Based Measurement (R-CBM) for AIMSweb, a web-based assessment and data management system. This document provides detailed instructions, examples, and tips for using R-CBM to monitor students' reading progress and identify instructional needs.local performance and growth norms for the screening and progress monitoring of math and reading skills for all students in Kindergarten through Grade 8. (Note. Users can roster Pre-K and High school (9-12) students and test off level as well). aimswebPlus uses two types of measures: curriculum-based measures (CBMs)—brief,The Fall and Win targets listed above (for LNF and LSF) should be used as guidance for IEP goals. 2015-2016 Targets & Norms 5. Low Risk = at least a 75% chance of passing criterion August 2015 Moderate Risk = 26-74% chance of passing criterion St. Croix River Education District High Risk = at best a 25% chance of passing criterion.2023-07-25 1/22 aimsweb norms chart 2014 Aimsweb norms chart 2014 (PDF) Machine Tools Production Systems 3 The Art of Coaching Teams Irresolvable Norm Conflicts in International Law GB/T; GBT - Product Catalog. Translated English of Chinese Standard. (GB/T; GBT) GB, GB/T, GBT -25 Jul 2023 by Miss Shannon Ziemann Aimsweb table norms fluency national curriculum growth reading measurement multi based Orf norms : dibels oral reading fluency rates : note that another Fluency norms dibels orfTools for Progress Monitoring National Norms: What levels are typical or average Growth Norms: What rates of growth might be expected given a specific starting point Target Scores: Indicate a point at which students are increasingly likely to meet a performance expectation.

Posted on 05 Mar 2023. ... 2018 Illinois Map Score Percentile Chart - Map. Aimsweb norms national maze table technical Aimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021 Aimsweb norms fluency brokeasshome.

Number chart 1-50 for preschoolTeacha slide2 teachingresources. Using 1-20 Number Charts to Learn Math Patterns Check Details Find numbers to 70 royalty free vector image. Number chart 1-60 : fill in the missing numbers by ava-do's downloadsNumbers 1-70 practice 80 number chart interactive classNumbers practice kb …When it comes to mailing letters and packages, it is important to know how much postage you need in order to ensure that your mail reaches its destination. One of the best ways to ...of students. The AIMSweb system is able to provide local norms once a sufficient amount of data has been entered. When generating group or individual reports, you may select to show national norms, local norms, or both. Some of the reports for R–CBM and Reading Maze also provide Lexile® measures that correspond to the AIMSweb raw scores. TheAimsweb Conversion Chart 3 3 Pride and Prejudice Guilford Publications Recent changes in policy and law, along with advances in research, are making it necessary for an increasing number of school psychologists, special educators, and teacher consultants to develop skills in areas other than psychoeducational assessment.'Aimsweb Norms Chart 2014 ankalk de May 24th, 2018 - read now aimsweb norms chart 2014 free ebooks in pdf format nyc plumbers helper study guide novel fifty shades freed bab 7 novel road map to success answers kill a mockingbird nvq level workbook answers northri dge''AimswebCharts are a powerful tool for visualizing data and conveying information in a clear and concise manner. Whether you’re presenting sales figures, tracking progress, or comparing da...The eight Early Literacy measures are Print Concepts (PC), Letter Naming Fluency (LNF), Initial Sounds (IS), Auditory Vocabulary (AV), Letter Word Sounds Fluency (LWSF), Phoneme Segmentation (PS), Word Reading Fluency (WRF), and Oral Reading Fluency (ORF). The tasks, scoring criteria, and administration times for these measures are found in ...Teachers administer aimswebPlus assessments in literacy and math to kindergarten and first grade students; students in grades 2-5 take the assessments online. Most assessments are timed (1 minute each). The untimed assessments are typically administered to students in grades 2-5. Most students take multiple assessments, or “subtests,” in ...Written-expression probes may be given individually or to groups of students. The examiner prepares a lined composition sheet with a story-starter sentence or partial sentence at the top. The student thinks for 1 minute about a possible story to be written from the story-starter, then spends 3 minutes writing the story.

Kwikset app not working.

Eugenia cooney before and after rehab.

2023-08-05 1/11 aimsweb norms chart 2014 Aimsweb norms chart 2014 .pdf map normative data nwea normative data rit scores nwea 2015 nwea measures of academic progress normative data 2020 nwea map growth normative data overview nwea 2020 map growth achievement status and growthJR. BREAKFAST COMBO. One Egg, two Bacon strips or two Link Sausages or one Turkey Sausage Patty, Hash Browns, Toast and Jelly. 390-640 Cal. JR. HOTCAKE COMBO. Two Hotcakes and one Egg served with choice of two Bacon strips, two Turkey Bacon strips, two Link Sausages, or one Turkey Sausage Patty. 580-720 Cal. JR.About Us Contact Customer Support Contact Sales Log In. Log in withView the final of the updated 2017 study off oral reading fluency (ORF) by Jan Hasbrouck plus Gerald Tindal, with compiled ORF en for grades 1-6. You’ll or find an analysis are how to 2017 norms differ out one 2006 standardizations.ÐÏ à¡± á> þÿ a c þÿÿÿ ...November 1, 2023 (Rockville, MD) The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) announces today the free, online availability of new checklists that detail communication (speech, language, and hearing) milestones for children ages birth to 5 years as well as feeding and swallowing milestones for children ages birth to 3 years. These milestones provide parents and caregivers with a ...2023 Edition University of Oregon (2023). 8 th Edition of Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS®): Administration and Scoring Guide, 2023 Edition. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon. Available: https:// dibels.uoregon.edu. Contributing Authors Gina Biancarosa, Ed. D.Posted on 09 Jun 2023. ... Aimsweb percentile grade maze table norms dibels first ranks wide system nationalAimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021 Aimsweb monitoring progress norms reading national classroom literacy mcap table school fluency tracking littleliteracylearners dataAimsweb national norms table mcap.aimswebPlus At-A-Glance: Universal screening, progress monitoring, and results reporting in one seamless system. National norms for accurate performance comparisons. …About Us Contact Customer Support Contact Sales Log In. Log in with ….

Description: This is an abstract for the AIMSweb Three Year Trend report. This report is a site level report for a single general outcome measure that shows trends across three years for non-cohort groups. Purpose: This report enables the User to see site data over the course of three years for non-cohort groups, allowing for a comparison ...June 22nd, 2018 - Weight 180 standardize the scores in the distribution i e convert them Norm Benchmark Target Scores Chart K Fall 13 2 Aimsweb National Norm Benchmark' 'Fluency Norms Chart 2017 Update Reading Rockets June 19th, 2018 - The table below shows the mean oral reading fluency of students in grades 1 through 6 as determined by ...Disclaimer: Threshold levels are determined by the assessment provider. For more information about the assessment and/or threshold levels, please contact the assessment provider directly.Online Library Aimsweb Norms Chart 2014 Pdf Free Copy Recognizing the habit ways to acquire this books Aimsweb Norms Chart 2014 is additionally useful. You have remained in right site to begin getting this info. get the Aimsweb Norms Chart 2014 link that we ... 7/3/2023 1:52:56 PM ...Aimsweb Norms Chart 2024. National norms are available in a condensed view as seen here or can be viewed more closely from the 1. Norms table is a summary of how students are performing nationally on various aimsweb® measures. Reports include data for students, classrooms, grades, schools, and district levels,. Aimsweb norms aimsweb …Teachers administer aimswebPlus assessments in literacy and math to kindergarten and first grade students; students in grades 2-5 take the assessments online. Most assessments are timed (1 minute each). The untimed assessments are typically administered to students in grades 2-5. Most students take multiple assessments, or …Advantage II for Cats: Dosage chart and usage. Feline bcs wsava feed weigh feeding overweight veterinary urine firstmate regularly longevity obesity obese Advantage for cats dosage chart Advantage dosage for cats. Advantage ii dosage chart. Dosage chartEntyce for cats dosing chart Advantage ii dosage for cats by …AIMSweb Benchmarking. AIMSweb is a web-based assessment, data management, and reporting system that provides the framework for Response to Intervention (RTI) and multi-tiered instruction. Designed specifically to universally screen and progress monitor. Uses brief, reliable, and valid General Outcome Measures of math and reading performance for ...As the year progresses, that will level out for the students, and you should see progress in their knowledge and skill base. Each measure in a given skill set (e.g., Letter Names, Phoneme Segmenting, Letter Sounds, Word Reading Fluency, Passage Reading Fluency, Vocabulary, Basic and Proficient Reading, and Basic and Proficient Math) are ...aimsweb conversion chart 2023-08-21 1/8 aimsweb conversion chart Free read Aimsweb conversion chart Full PDF spelling administration and scoring guide pearson assessments aimswebplus assessment ... of how the 2017 norms differ from the 2006 norms aimsweb conversion chart discover designlights org Nov 30 2022 Aimsweb norms chart 2023, ©2023 Curriculum Associates, LLC. All rights reserved. Page 4 8/23 0K How to Read the i-Ready Placement Tables 1. Turn to the correct placement table. 2. Find the ..., Group norms are the patterns and expectations within a group of people, including family, co-workers or neighborhoods. These group norms can determine how people interact and how t..., Benchmark Target Scores Chart K Fall 13 2 Aimsweb National Norm Benchmark' 'Limits Fits and Tolerances Calculator ISO system June 22nd, 2018 - Limits fits and tolerances calculator has been developed to calculate engineering tolerances of inner and outer features of journal bearings linear bearings thrust, MAP's unique quality lies in its measuring of students' personal academic progress. MAP testing scores chart a student's academic growth in a manner that is easy for both parents and teachers to understand. Preparing for the test can give your child the opportunity to not only reach his or her potential, but to maximize it., AIMSweb Plus is a set of curriculum-based measures that are nationally normed and standardized. Benchmark and progress monitoring measures of reading and math domainst are available. They are designed to be short (many are one minute) measures used to regularly monitor the development of reading and mathematical skills and achievement., Oct 1, 2023 · Aimsweb norms national table microfinanceindia cbmReading fluency norms Pin on reading resourcesAimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021. Check Details. Aimsweb national norms table fluency. Oral reading fluency norms grades 1-6Aimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021 Aimsweb national norms table 2017Aimsweb national norms table 2017. , Description. AIMSWEB Written Expression Norms for 8th grade. Detailed percentiles with scale score. Includes different norms for Fall, Winter, Spring. Total Words Written, Words Spelled Correctly, Correct Writing Sequence. ***GREAT RESOURCE FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS***. Grade level: 8 th grade. Total Pages. Answer Key., Mcomp_administration_and_technical_manual.pdf - AIMSweb Customer Relations Pearson 19500 Bulverde Road San Antonio, TX 78259 Phone: 866-313-6194 Fax : 866-313-6197 Email: [email protected] Accessing More AIMSweb Material The AIMSweb documents and manuals referenced within this document can be, The aimswebPlus measures for students in Grades 2 through 8 are Reading Comprehension (RC), Oral Reading Fluency (ORF), Silent Reading Fluency (SRF), and Vocabulary (VO). The tasks, scoring criteria, and administration times for these measures are found in Table 1. Table 1 Measure Descriptions Measure What students do Score Admin time Reading ..., The Aimsweb Norms Table Written Expression is designed to provide educators with an accurate understanding of their students’ writing abilities. The assessment is broken down into seven levels: emergent, foundational, developing, proficient, advanced, exceptional, and mastery. Each level is then further divided into four categories that ..., Interpreting Norms. Norm Calculation. On the Detailed Percentiles Table, the grade 7 MCRC table has 20 questions for Fall but only 19 for Winter and 18 for Spring. All of the MCRC grade 7 tests have 20 questions so why isn’t this reflected in the percentiles table? Percentile Rankings and Norm Scores., AIMSweb® National Norms Table. Reading - Curriculum Based Measurement. Grade. %ile Fall Num WRC Winter Num WRC. Spring Num WRC. 1. 90 . 75 . 50 . 25 . 491845. 67. …, Colors in welds and what they meanHeat tint weld steel charts titanium stainless oxidation chart ss purging quality acceptable inspectors welders highest achieve joints sound help Spectrum heated adafruit oxidation blacksmith forging heating forge meltingDiscoloration weld acceptable determining electropolished mechanically., Introduction. aimswebPlus® is an assessment, data management, and reporting system that provides national and local performance and growth norms for the screening and progress monitoring of math and reading skills for all students in Kindergarten through Grade 8. aimswebPlus uses two types of measures: curriculum-based measures (CBMs)—brief ..., AIMSweb - Matanuska-Susitna Borough School District ... Norms?, Aimsweb National Norms Table 2017. masuzi May 25, 2018 Uncategorized Leave a comment 311 Views. Aimswebplus technical manual test of early literacy tel administration and scoring guide aimsweb norms table access benchmark 6 8 xlsx sment instrument description plus growth reading curriculum based measurement multi year aggregate school pdf free ..., 1 hours ago AIMSweb Score Matrix Jolynn Braswell Updated October 13, 2021 19:37. Follow. Description: This is an abstract for the AIMSweb Score Matrix report. This report allows for a comparison of student's results (Correct and Error) for each of the General Outcome Measures per each of … See Also: Aimsweb plus norms chart Show details, Our progress monitoring scoring guidelines are derived from the number of students who score at or below a particular score on a test. These numbers are based on what is called a 'percentile rank'. Roughly speaking, these numbers indicate the proportion of students at that grade level that your students' scores are equal to or above., The Top Books of the Year Aimsweb Grade 4 Mcap Norms The year 2023 has witnessed a noteworthy surge in literary brilliance, with numerous captivating novels enthralling the hearts of readers worldwide. ... Aimsweb Grade 4 Mcap Norms 3 User-Friendly Interface 4. Exploring eBook Recommendations from Aimsweb Grade 4 Mcap Norms Personalized ..., Teachers administer aimswebPlus assessments in literacy and math to kindergarten and first grade students; students in grades 2-5 take the assessments online. Most assessments are timed (1 minute each). The untimed assessments are typically administered to students in grades 2-5. Most students take multiple assessments, or “subtests,” in ..., 2023 Military Pay Chart Grade >2 Years 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 O-10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17,675.10 17,675.10 ..., The Minimum Universal Reading Screener (URS) Matrix outlines the appropriate grade-level assessments that are minimally required to be administered during the tri-annual URS window. The Minimum Matrix, originally designed to support LEAs in meeting compliance with the Tennessee Literacy Success Act, has been expanded to include additional skill ..., NWEA MAP scores by Grade Level in 2023. NWEA MAP scores are measured by the increased improvement averages for students in given subjects over their time in school. NWEA MAP testing is available from Kindergarten through to 12th Grade, and academic improvement is measured by growth norms per grade level., Students in second grade take AIMSweb tests in reading and math. For reading, students take 2 tests: Reading Maze and Reading Curriculum-Based Measurement (R-CBM). For math students take 2 tests: Math Concepts and Applications (M-CAP) and Math Computation (M-Comp). These are described below (some samples are from other grade levels)., 1 hours ago AIMSweb Score Matrix Jolynn Braswell Updated October 13, 2021 19:37. Follow. Description: This is an abstract for the AIMSweb Score Matrix report. This report allows for a comparison of student's results (Correct and Error) for each of the General Outcome Measures per each of … See Also: Aimsweb plus norms chart Show details, How to intergret growth data and to use the NWEA norms. Growth topics include: projections, conditional growth (CGI), historical growth, flat or negative growth. Norms topics include: growth charts, RIT comparison charts, college readiness, standards, average test durations, achievement/growth calculator, school norms calculator, and course-specific math norms for the algebra and geometry tests., 4 Aimsweb Norms Chart 2014 2023-04-23 special education; and educational psychology. Direct Instruction Reading + Pearson Etext Access Card John Wiley & Sons This reference guide provides an overview of the purposes and uses of curriculum-based measurement (CBM), a standardized approach to assessing student performance in order to inform ..., Aimsweb National Norms Table 2017. masuzi May 25, 2018 Uncategorized Leave a comment 311 Views. Aimswebplus technical manual test of early literacy tel administration and scoring guide aimsweb norms table access benchmark 6 8 xlsx sment instrument description plus growth reading curriculum based measurement multi year aggregate school pdf free ..., The Top Books of the Year Downloadbmu:7974&HtmAimsweb Norms Chart 2014 The year 2023 has witnessed a remarkable surge in literary brilliance, with numerous engrossing novels captivating the hearts of readers worldwide. ... Downloadbmu:7974&HtmAimsweb Norms Chart 2014 : Delia Owens "Where the Crawdads Sing" This evocative coming-of-, 27 Oct 2023. Aimsweb national norms table rcbm Norms national aimsweb laurens district grades tables access Aimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021. Aimsweb National Norms Table Rcbm | Brokeasshome.com., About Us Contact Customer Support Contact Sales Log In. Log in with, Fluency Norms Chart 2017 Update Reading Rockets. Administration and Scoring aimswebPlus AIMSweb Pinterest. Curriculum Based ... Fall 13 2 Aimsweb National Norm Benchmark' 'Aimsweb Conversion Chart byesms de June 1st, 2018 - Read Now Aimsweb Conversion Chart Free Ebooks in PDF format DYSON VACUUM DC14 MANUAL, a) Aimsweb norms (50th percentile) b) Establish an increase from 10th percentile to 25th percentile; from 25th percentile to 50th percentile. c) Baseline score + (Weekly Growth Rate x 36) d) Add 10-14 CWS to Baseline Score for 3-minute samples ESTABLISH A GOAL